Ancient Egyptian medicine refers to the healing methods used by the Egyptians from around 3000 BC, until about 500 BC, when the Persian invasion took place. Evidence was found, that Egyptians already practiced some kind of medicine 4000 BC, but the first documents are from around 1825 B.C. Compared to the skills of other ancient cultures the healing methods of Egyptians were very effective.




Theban wall-painting showing Neb- Amun, the physician of the pharaoh being rewarded by a Syrian prince

Written and translated by Ternovácz Bálint 

My aunt, my grandmother's sister, Rozália Tóth Jankovics was born in 1932 in Temerin, Yugoslavia. In those particularly troubled 1920's and 30's the Hungarian minority was permanently suffering from the painful consequences of the Treaty of Trianon. Hungarian catholic schools were gradually closed. In 1941 the Hungarian army marched in Bácska and attached it again to the territory of Hungary.

During the 1940's civil coeducational schools were re-opened and my aunt attended one of them in Temerin.

She was 11 then and she was the one who provided me with authentic, almost documentary details and information about the school system and its operation during the period in the Second World War.

Written by Horváth Orsolya

Translated by Hoffer Ildikó

Evolution only leaves the advantageous features to individuals behind. All disadvantageous features to the population are going to disappear from the gene pool. That is why some features are considered special, such as the sense of moral and aesthetics; however, speech could also be mentioned as an example since it is far more complicated than obliged for surviving. Earlier, some thought that those disadvantageous features mentioned are by-products of the adapting process of brain. Nowadays, there are some fresher theses that state our brain is so complicated, admirable and creative that its evolution cannot be simply explained as a permanent struggle for survival.

A mechanism, called Zahavi's principle of disadvantage, played an important role in the development of the brain. The principle claims that the more energy-wasting and complicated our brain is, the more appropriate it is for indicating our general fitness.

For its complication and sensitivity, our brain is capable of indicating fitness because it is strongly exposed to the harmful impacts of mutations. Those imposing features are like the pen-feather of a male peacock operating originally as a tool for catching attention and attracting the partner. This significant and new thesis is presented by the conception of ornamental mind that states the human brain has developed into an amusing system in courting by sexual selection. Of course, we cannot say that those features could not mean advantage in survival beyond the primary partner-attracting function. A kind of sexual selection based on assertive was a determining factor in their development; otherwise, this conception makes clear easily the inexplicable elements of human nature.